<p>The Clarence Moreton Basin is a Mesozoic sedimentary basin on the easternmost part of the Australian continent. It is located in the far north east of the state of New South Wales around Lismore and Grafton and in the south east corner of Queensland. It is the part of the Great Artesian Basin that extends to the east coast in Australia&#39;s central eastern lowlands.</p><br>
<p>It formed by oblique extension of the underlying Paleozoic New England Orogen basement. It consists of continental deposits, starting with a small amount of Triassic coal beds, and then mostly Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. The basin covers 16,000 km&sup2;. The basin was named when the Clarence Basin (named after the Clarence River) and Moreton Basin in Queensland were proved to be one structure.</p><br>
<p>Oil is likely to be present in the basin.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The oldest rocks in the Clarence Moreton Basin of New South Wales are the Chillingham Volcanics. These are from some time in the Triassic period, and outcrop in a band north and south of Chillingham. They consist of conglomerate at the base, Rhyolite, lithic rhyolitic tuff, and shale. The Nymboida Coal measures extend from Nymboida to Kangaroo Creek. They consist of lithic sandstones (wackes, minor arenites), siltstone, polymictic conglomerate, coal, rhyolitic tuff, and basalt. The total thickness is over 1,000 m. The outcrop is 90 km&sup2, and it forms a north west trending band 29 km long on the southwest tip of the basin. Fossils reveal a date of middle Triassic. A lower part is called Cloughers Creek Formation. The Basin Creek Formation includes the coal mined at Nymboida. The Bardool Conglomerate forming a 180 m thick layer, is also a unit in the coal measures. The conglomerate includes a 15 m thick layer of basalt exposed at Copes Creek.</p><br>
<p>The Red Cliff Coal Measures are from late Triassic. It forms an outcropping belt 2.5 km wide and 19 km long from Buchanans Head trough Red Cliff. The Evans Head Coal measure are correlated with these, but are further up the north coast at Evans Head.</p><br>
<p>The basin was next uplifted and eroded and then deepened considerably and Bundamba group rocks form a complete V shape on both sides of the basin. In the northern parts the rock is mostly friable sandstone, but in the south it is divided into conglomerate below and siltstone above. The Laytons Range Conglomerate rests on the basin floor and extends from Baryulgil, to Nymboida. The conglomerate often appears as a cliff. The Corindi Conglomerate is a local name for a hailstone sized gravel near Corindi. The Mill Creek Siltstone. are often olive green or yellow-brown with bright red joint planes.</p><br>
<p>The Marburg subgroup extends for 225 km along the western side of the basin into Queensland from Corindi. It is mostly clay cemented cross bedded quartz sandstone, but this is interbedded with claystone and shale. At the base is the Blaxland Fossil Wood Conglomerate Member at Blaxlands Creek. The fossil wood is in the form of horizontal tree trunks up to 18 m long and 600 mm in diameter. The fossilization process replaced the wood with limonite and hematite. forms a U shape around the east, south and west sides of the basin. It consists of claystone, shale, siltstone, arenites, and coal seams and the plant fossils in it show a Jurassic age.</p><br>
<p>The next layer of rocks in the basin forming a nested U shape in its exposure is the Kangaroo Creek Sandstone. This sandstone has saccharoidal texture, and glistens white and cream. This is not due to angular sand grains, but results from silica crystallization. It is up to 150 m thick.</p><br>
<p>The Grafton Formation is the sedimentary unit in the core of the basin. It is the youngest of the beds being between Late Jurassic and early Cretaceous. It occurs from Grafton to Casino consisting of soft sandstone, siltstone and claystone. Dolerite has intruded this at Glenugie Peak, and near Banyabba.</p><br>
<p>Rifting along the east coast of Australia commenced and uplifted the eastern side of the Clarence Moreton Basin. This resulted in the splitting off of the Lord Howe Rise and the opening of the ocean floor.</p><br>
<p>Sheep Mountain  is located in the USA state of Wyoming. Sheep Mountain forms a 5 mi long ridge in the Gros Ventre Range and is easily seen from Jackson Hole. The town of Jackson, Wyoming is 13 mi southwest of the peak. The southern end of Sheep Mountain is above the tree line and consists of rocky cliffs that are referred to as the "Sleeping Indian" due to their appearance as viewed from Jackson Hole. Sheep Mountain is in the Gros Ventre Wilderness of Bridger-Teton National Forest. At the northern end of Sheep Mountain is the location of the Gros Ventre landslide.</p><br>
<p>In 1996 an USA Air Force C-130 cargo plane carrying an automobile and equipment outbound from Jackson Hole crashed into Sheep Mountain, killing a USA Secret Service agent and eight Air Force personnel. The cargo plane was transporting equipment to another destination after USA President Bill Clinton and his family had vacationed in Jackson Hole the previous week.</p><br>
<p>The Immaculate Conception Church is a Catholic church in Italian Renaissance Revival style located at 500 E. Blaine Street in Iron Mountain, Michigan, US. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It is also known as Mary Immaculate of Lourdes Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 19th century a flood of Italian immigrants arrived in Iron Mountain to work in the nearby iron mines. However, in 1890, those living on the north side of the city organized an "Italian Church," and received permission to start their own parish. That year, they constructed a frame structure near the site of the present church and a priest was assigned to the parish. The original frame church burned down in 1893, but work quickly began on a replacement.</p><br>
<p>In April 1902 Father Giovanni Sinopoli di Giunta arrived in Iron Mountain to serve as the parish priest. and in June 1902 Father Sinopoli began digging the foundation himself. In July the cornerstone was laid, and construction on the church continued quickly. Father Sinopoli acted as engineer, architect, and building foreman, and numerous men from the parish volunteered their labor. The superintendent of the local Pewabic Mine donated timber and sent workers to assist in construction, paying their salaries out of his own pocket. The church was completed in December, 1902, and on January 1, 1903, was dedicated to Mary Immaculate of Lourdes.</p><br>
<p>Father Sinopoli stayed with the parish for only one year, but left an organized church with a new building. In 1971 the school consolidated with other nearby Catholic schools, and the Immaculate Conception school housed first through third grades. In 1990 the schools were consolidated further, and all classes were taught downtown. The former Immaculate Conception school was leased to the Iron Mountain school district.</p><br>
<p>Significant upgrades were made to the church in the 1960s, and the exterior was repaired in the 1980s. The church was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This church, similar to Renaissance parish churches in Italy, echoes the architectural traditions of the Italian immigrants who built it. It is a rectangular plan church with a central nave, constructed of random coursed sandstone. The main church has a gable-end pitched roof, with a two-story hipped-roof section at the rear. A striking octagonal bell tower, fashioned after a campanile and topped with a pierced belfry, is also located at the rear of the structure. Unusual timber trusses support a wooden barrel-vaulted ceiling. Stained glass windows, at least three of which were made by the Menominee Stained Glass Works, are set in bricked arched window wells and light the nave.</p><br>
<p>The front facade has two blind arches, flaked by pilasters, framing the central entrance. Shorter side bays on each side are joined to the main facade with curved walls which obscure the gable end of the roof. Two niches hold statues of saints.</p><br>
<p>The Justice Court Building is a historic court and municipal building located in Glen Cove in Nassau County, New York. Built for the city between 1907 and 1909, it was designed by the noted architect Stephen Francis Voorhees . The 3-story, rectangular red brick building has a steeply pitched roof covered with green clay tile. A -story rear addition was built in 1923, used for some time as a jail. It is decorated with ceramic-glazed moldings and molded terra cotta decoration and exhibits features of the Dutch Colonial Revival or Collegiate Gothic style. It features a square bell tower. The former rectory contains the museum and is a 2-story rectangular building in the Tudor Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The building on Glen Street was used for the court, city hall and later as police headquarters. In the early decades, the Women&#39;s Exchange was located just to the west of the building; the group raised money to provide social services.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It has been acquired by the North Shore Historical Museum, which plans to renovate the building for use as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The Grove, also known as Loretto Rest, is a historic house located on Grove Court in Cold Spring, New York, United States. It was built as the estate of Frederick Lente, surgeon at the nearby West Point Foundry and later a founder of the American Academy of Medicine, in the mid-19th century. The Italian-villa design, popular at the time, was by the prominent architect Richard Upjohn. In 2008 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>A later renovation replaced its original roof with a mansard roof. After the Lente family sold it, it was purchased by the Roman Catholic Church and converted to a convent. That use ended in 1977 and it has remained vacant since then, suffering the effects of neglect and decay.</p><br>
<p>The surrounding land was subdivided and developed, eliminating much of Upjohn&#39;s original landscaping. In the late 2000s the mansard roof was replaced with one more like the original. It is now the property of the village of Cold Spring, which has attempted to preserve but done nothing to restore the estate.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is located at the end of Grove Court, a cul-de-sac on the south side of Paulding Avenue just outside downtown Cold Spring to the west, most of which is included in the Cold Spring Historic District, listed on the Register in 1982. All the other houses on the street to the north of the one-acre (1 acre) lot where the building stands are of modern, late 20th- and early 21st-century construction and design. To the east is the former Butterfield Memorial Hospital, another large abandoned property awaiting restoration.</p><br>
<p>A line of mature trees stands along the top of a slight drop to the south which gives it a view over the Hudson River to the United States Military Academy at West Point to the south, Crows Nest, Storm King and other peaks of the Hudson Highlands to the east and Newburgh Bay to the north. Just below are one-story commercial buildings and their parking lots along the curving section of Chestnut Street, part of New York State Route 9D. A large shopping plaza with a supermarket and the villages post office is just across Chestnut to the southwest. Across the road to the southeast are some of the remaining buildings of the West Point Foundry and its archeological site, both listed on the Register and being considered for National Historic Landmark status.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-and-a-half-story, three-by-four-bay structure of brick laid in common bond over load-bearing stone. On the northwest is a one-story wing, one bay on all sides, with an additional wooden entrance portico. The house is topped by a low-pitched square hipped roof with a small square cupola in the center. A wooden porch wraps around the western side to the middle of the south.</p><br>
<p>White paint or other material that once covered the facades has begun to fade, exposing the brick beneath. The windows are mostly narrow brick segmental arches with projecting stone sills. They are all boarded up. Metal mounts for shutters formerly there remain. A belt brick course separates the two stories.</p><br>
<p>On the west (front) facade, the segmental-arched main entrance, marked by a molded wooden frame flush with the wall and a four-light transom, is flanked by two arched windows. The southern bay has an oriel window with bracketed pilasters and a molded pediment. These features are currently concealed by a wooden barrier at the face of the porch.</p><br>
<p>The south side has a center door at the basement level. On the east, facing the cul-de-sac, is another door in the northern bay, with a small wooden porch and concrete steps. Above it is a round-arched window rising from the belt course, outlined in brick headers within a recess.</p><br>
<p>The north face has the same narrow segmental-arched windows in its two western bays. On the north end of the wing is a wooden entrance portico with half-hipped roof. It otherwise has the same window treatment, with two on the north and one on the west.</p><br>
<p>At the roofline are broad overhanging eaves. Bare spots on the brick below mark the locations of the brackets that once supported them. In its center the roof&#39;s cupola is pierced by a single ventilation shaft.</p><br>
<p>The interior has suffered from the same neglect as the outside, and many of its original finishings have been damaged. Many original features remain, however. The center-hall floor plan on both stories has not been altered, and the plaster walls, ceilings and wood trim, including the staircase with turned first-floor newel post appear to be original. Some stenciled decoration is on its wall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Frederick Lente, a North Carolina native who had earned his medical degree at University Medical College of New York, now the New York University medical school, came to Cold Spring in 1850 to serve as the surgeon at the West Point Foundry. His father-in-law, William Kemble, had been one of the founding members of the Foundry Association. At that time the foundry was the largest maker of iron and brass in the country. Located along the banks of a small cove where a small brook flowed into the Hudson River on the south side of the village, it made both military and civilian products, from cannon to the pipes that were laid to open the Croton Aqueduct and bring clean water to Manhattan.</p><br>
<p>In 1852, the Foundry Association sold Lente the four-and-a-half-acre (4.5 acre) parcel where the house and Grove Court now stand. He soon commissioned Richard Upjohn to design the house he wanted to live in. Upjohn, an English immigrant had made his reputation popularizing the Gothic Revival mode for stone churches such as New York&#39;s Trinity Church. But he had also pioneered the Italianate-styled house during the same period with the Edward King House, a National Historic Landmark in Newport, Rhode Island. Closer to Cold Spring, he built the James and Mary Forsyth House up the Hudson in Kingston in 1850.</p><br>
<p>This was the type of house that Lente wanted, and he had specifics. His correspondence with Upjohn reflects his desire for features like the French windows on the west that slide into their casement. At one point he tells the architect that the upper floor&#39;s bedroom was "unnecessarily large" and should be reduced by a foot (30 cm).</p><br>
<p>The finished house is typical of Upjohns Italian villas from that period. Its plan is basically rectangular, and it is built of masonry faced in painted brick, with arched windows set with multi-pane sash. The northwest wing is found on his other houses in the Hudson Valley, not only the Forsyth House but former President Martin van Burens Lindenwald near Kinderhook.</p><br>
<p>Lente made the house his principal residence for the rest of his life. Before his death in 1883, he published many papers in medical journals. He was a member of many professional societies, and helped found the American Academy of Medicine, an early organization devoted to raising educational standards in the profession.</p><br>
<p>During the 1870s, it is believed, he made a major alteration in the house. Sometime during that decade, the original hipped roof in Upjohn&#39;s design was replaced with a mansard roof, more in keeping with the Second Empire style popular at the time. The roof was clad with polychromatic hexagonal slate shingles, and pierced by flat-roofed dormer windows, three on the long sides and two on the short.</p><br>
<p>Lente&#39;s widow continued to live in the house until her death in 1901. Afterwards it was bought by the Our Lady of Loreto parish, which converted it into a convent. The Franciscan Sisters ran a school there until 1977.</p><br>
<p>At some point during the 20th century, louvered window shutters, since removed, were installed. In the 1920s the porch was enclosed with two-over-two sash windows over wood paneling. The rear entrance portico was also enclosed around that time as well. Its entrance doors were removed, and more wood paneling installed. Around 1950 the front and rear steps were replaced in concrete.</p><br>
<p>After the Franciscans&#39; departure, no new occupant replaced them. The vacant house began to suffer from neglect. In 2002 a developer bought the property and subdivided it to build the houses along Grove Court. He donated the house and the acre that remained to the village, which hoped to restore it and use it as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>The village has not yet succeeded. In late 2008, it had to remove the mansard roof and replace it with the current hipped one, more like the original. Four years later, it put out a request for proposals. It is estimated that it will cost at least $1 million to restore the house. A couple who live in a neighboring house offered to purchase it for $1,000, but the village board rejected that price as "insultingly low."</p><br>
<p>The Willie Lamb Post No. 26 American Legion Hut is a historic society meeting hall at 205 Alexander Street in Lepanto, Arkansas. It is a single story brick building with a side-gable roof, and a full-width shed-roof front porch supported by square posts. It was built in 1937-38 for the local chapter of the American Legion military fraternal organization, replacing an earlier building which had been built with funding assistance from the New Deal Civil Works Administration in 1932 which was flooded and then destroyed by fire. The building has long been a center of social activity in the community, as the site of dances, fundraising events, and other activities.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Mramorje  or Bagruša  is a medieval necropolis, located in Perućac, Serbia, and is among the best preserved necropoli of the region. The necropolis was built in the 14th century, and extends between the Drina river and the main road that follows its course, at the entrance of the settlement. The site is protected by the Republic of Serbia, as a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance, but is nevertheless threatened by the Drina river on one side and the continued expanding of the town of Perućac, on the other. Stećaks was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2016, of which 3 sites are located in Serbia, Mramorje being one of them.</p><br>
<h2>The Necropolis</h2><br>
<p>The Necropolis, with about 200 tombstones made of solid limestone, was established in the fourtheenth century. The largest found specimens of tombstones in the necropolis reach a length of 2 m, and a width and height of nearly 1 m. Earlier sources record a number of 122 monuments, while according to recent data, there are 93 as follows: 46 panel, 18 slemenjak with stand, 10 slemenjak without stand, 7 sarcophagus with stand, 10 sarcophagus without base, and 2 amorphous samples. Over time, some of the tombstones were moved, others have sunken into the ground, while several items were transferred to museums (two tombstones with no decorations are in the collection of the Ethnographic Museum in Belgrade, and one is in the National Museum in Užice).</p><br>
<p>Tombstones in the necropolis are arranged in regular rows, and also tend to have an east-west orientation. No inscriptions can be read on the tombstones, however a number of them are fine-processed, very few of them are decorated, and there are a few recorded motifs (including circles, the moon, and sword and shield designs).</p><br>
<p>Riems is an island in the southwestern part of the Bay of Greifswald, a broad, shallow embayment of the Baltic Sea between the German mainland and the island of Rügen. Riems belongs administratively to the urban district of Greifswald, but is an exclave. Riemserort, is municipally part of Riems, but lies opposite the island on the mainland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island of Riems measures about 1,250 metres from east to west, and is about 300 metres across at its widest point. Since the early 1970s, it has been connected to the mainland by a 500m long causeway. It has, therefore, been an artificial peninsula for more than 30 years. Before the causeway, a cable car used to transport goods to the mainland. The cable car has now gone, but the ruins of its pylon foundations are still visible. Because the lack of fresh water to the Gristower Wiek resulted in oxygen depletion in the shallow bay, in the autumn of 2007 a 30-metre-long section of the causeway to the island was opened and bridged to allow fresh water to pass once more.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Riems is an important resting and moulting area for waterbirds. The Fahrenbrink Peninsula Nature Reserve (Naturschutzgebiet Halbinsel Fahrenbrink) is a recognized reserve. Approximately 15 percent of the northern European waterfowl population spend their winter in the area of the Bay of Greifswald and the Strelasund. It has therefore been declared a European bird reserve.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Riems has been inhabited since prehistoric times as Stone Age and Slavic archaeological finds demonstrate. The island later belonged, together with the adjacent village of Gristow, to the family of Dotenberg. Between 1375 and 1382, Riems and Gristow became the possession of the city of Greifswald, which leased the then uninhabited island out as pasture land. After 1820, the city built a homestead but sold it back to its previous tenant in 1883.</p><br>
<p>The Third Reich used the institute in Riems to research bioweapons.</p><br>
<p>While East Germany controlled Riems approximately 800 people were working on vaccine research and development, today there are less than half that number. The population on the island is quite small. There are only 13 houses, five one-or two-family homes and eight apartment buildings, with a total of 62 residential units.</p><br>
<p>Since 1997, the research complex is the headquarters of the Riemser Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI). The duties of the FLI include research on animal diseases, such as Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot-and-mouth disease and swine fever, and the development of preventive and protective measures against it, especially veterinary vaccines. As of 2006, Riems was working on a vaccine for the avian flu. By 2010, the Institute was to reduce their current locations Tübingen, Wusterhausen and Jena to just Jena and Riems. The total budget for the expansion work is some 150 million €. The construction needed to be handled carefully because of the historically rich old buildings.</p><br>
<p>The former production plant for animal vaccines was successfully privatized as Riemser Arzneimittel AG. It has about 150 employees.</p><br>
<p>After the 1990s the populated area in the western part of the island was freely accessible for some years. However, because of the renewed research work with viruses the island is again closed to the public. Quarantine stables and laboratories security levels are Level 4. This means employees and visitors to the complex must change their clothes, and shower, when entering and exiting.</p><br>
<p>Trawscoed fort is an Iron Age auxiliary hillfort in Ceredigion, Wales, located near the modern town of Trawsgoed that was first built in the 70s AD. It overlooks the Roman bridge over the river Ystwyth, which is where the road from Pen-Ilwyn to Llanio crosses. In 1959, this site was initially identified via aerial photography revealing a series of patchmarks covering an area of around 2 hectare. Later explorations increased the knowledge of this site.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This 2.3 hectare fort is 63 m above sea level. It was surrounded by a ditch 3 m wide and.9 m deep. Inside this ditch was a clay and turf rampart which was 4.1 m wide, and it had a clay and turf revetment. The rampart had a gate in each side, and its corners were rounded. Inside the fort, there were rows of barracks for up to 800 infantry. The commander&#39;s house, granaries, and headquarters were situated alongside the central range. There were also settlements and other ancillary features outside the walls and ditch. There is evidence that the whole settlement was built and rebuilt at least three times in all.</p><br>
<h2>Initial exploration</h2><br>
<p>Exploration of the northeastern portion of the fort revealed evidence of a large timber building. This evidence was the trench left by the remains of a wall running along the northwest-southeast axis. There were also two metal-clad post holes. Another building aligned in the same direction was beside the via decumana, evidenced by two wall trenches 7.8m apart and 6.8m long. A cobbled yard lay just to the east of this building. A clay oven was found in 1984 inside this building; however, this clay oven may not be contemporary with the building, and its location might just be a coincidence. This oven was sealed with clay after a fire was built during the Flavian dynasty. Further wall trenches were dug through the remains of this building, and they indicate the presence of a later building 8.5m long and 6.75m wide with a passageway on the eastern side. Two drains aligned on the northwest-southeast axis cut through this building. The occupation of this site occurred during 70 to 120 AD, with a period of abandonment around 100 AD.</p><br>
<h2>Recent exploration</h2><br>
<p>In November 2005, Trawscoed fort was explored using fluxgate gradiometer surveys by David Hopewell. The researchers surveyed a rectangle of 120 m by 160 m, including the northern quadrant of the fort and the areas east and north of the fort. They collected the data by dividing this rectangle up into 20 m by 20 m square plots. They then surveyed each plot by walking along the length of the plot, taking readings every.5 m. Each scanned strip was 1 m apart, giving a total of 800 readings per plot. The researchers then took this data and used Geoplot 3.0 software to generate X-Y waterfall plots and greyscale maps of the region. The waterfall plots were made by plotting each traversal of a plot on a trace, which enabled anomalies to be easily seen.</p><br>
<h3>Interpretation of the results</h3><br>
<p>High readings in the magnetic map were caused by pieces of iron and fences. Any locations where fire was, such as kilns and burning wooden structures, also increased the amount of magnetic response.</p><br>
<h3>The results</h3><br>
<p>David Hopewell reports that "The northern corner of the fort shows up clearly on the grey-scale plot", and sections of the ramparts showed evidence of burning. He found a ditch which circumscribed the fort just outside the walls. Just outside the ditch is a 10 m wide swathe of ground containing very little magnetic response. To the northeast of this area he found a large, strong magnetic response which indicates that a bank once existed in this area. In the northern and eastern quadrants of the fort were blocks of six barracks each.</p><br>
<p>Hopewell also scanned some of the area around the fort, and he wrote that there was a road leading to the northeast gate. He recorded finding small anomalies on either side of the gate, which may indicate the presence of what was once a guard tower. Large areas of indications of burning imply that there may have been buildings that had burned down. The rest of the area to the northeast contains faint parallel striations in the magnetic map, which may indicate ploughing, followed by spots which may have been campfires. Jeffrey Davies&#39; excavation trench, which he dug in 1974, caused a large line of static.</p><br>
<h2>Protecting the site</h2><br>
<p>Until very recently, the fort was covered with gorse bushes. This plant has invasive roots, and scientists were worried that it might be damaging the remains of Trawscoed Fort. A group from FC Wales removed the gorse, and foresters laid down hay from the nearby Penrhyncoch meadow. The seeds contained in the hay will fall down and germinate, thus replacing the gorse with a layer of grass. This will have the added benefit of attracting birds and butterflies to the site.</p><br>
<p>The Holyoke Building  is a historic building located in downtown Seattle, Washington. It is a substantial five story brick structure with stone trimmings. Construction began at the corner of First Avenue and Spring Streets just before the Great Seattle fire of 1889. Completed in early 1890, it was the first permanent building completed and ready for occupancy in downtown Seattle following the fire. Today the Holyoke Building is one of the very few such buildings still standing in Seattle outside of the Pioneer Square district and is a historic remnant of the northward expansion of Seattle&#39;s business district between the time of the great fire and the Yukon Gold Rush in 1897.</p><br>
<p>The Holyoke Building housed many social and artistic clubs and organizations throughout its history. As early as 1895 it housed the Conservatory of Arts on the top floor. Later in the 1920s the Seattle Musical Club brought many local artists and musicians together in the building and other private and social clubs shared the building with toiletry manufactures and offices.</p><br>
<p>The Holyoke Building is a subdued example of the Victorian Commercial style with elements of Romanesque style and remains almost completely intact from when it was built even down to the storefronts, which had been altered over time but have now been restored. Following this restoration in 1975 by the building&#39;s owner Harbor Properties, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history: 1889 - 1930</h3><br>
<p>The Holyoke Building takes its name from Richard Holyoke (1836–1905), a native of New Brunswick, Canada who immigrated to Seattle in 1860 to gain a foothold in the growing lumber industry. His venture was a success and he began purchasing large amounts of Seattle property to show his faith in the areas future. Holyoke became a prominent community figure and a major booster for local lumber. He established and became the first president of the National Bank of Commerce (later Rainier Bank) in Seattle, which would become one of the regions biggest banks in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Construction began on Holyokes new business block in late spring of 1889. The building was designed by Seattle architects Thomas G. Bird and George W. Dornbach who worked together briefly in the late 1880s. At the time of the fire, excavation on the site was underway and the large pit acted as a fire stop and helped keep the fire from advancing further north. Construction progressed and the building was soon being called by local papers, "one of the largest buildings in town." The ground floor, with 16 high ceilings was divided into two storefronts facing First Avenue. Following the slope of the site, a third storefront was located at the rear of the building facing Spring Street along with the buildings main entrance. The upper floors, designed for offices, including those of the co-architect Bird himself: each had 13 ceilings. Some of the building&#39;s earliest tenants included the Conservatory of Music and a carpet store that occupied the corner of the first and most of the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Suffering financial reversals as a result of the Panic of 1893, Holyoke divested himself of all his Seattle property including the Holyoke Building. He moved to Skagit County where he operated a farm in the early 1900s. He moved to Bellingham in 1905 where he remained until his death at the age of 70.</p><br>
<p>In November 1900, the building was purchased by Anton Stander, who had struck it rich during the Yukon Gold Rush. Standers wife, who had convinced him to buy the property, would sue him for the building in 1906 during the couples scandalous and highly publicized divorce in 1906. Unable to fill all of the buildings office space, subsequent owners leased entire floors as lofts or to light manufacturing firms. The Northwest Fixture & Electric Company, who during the gold rush supplied miners with electric motors and generators for mining and lighting, occupied the upper floors between 1894 and 1900 and had their name prominently painted across the buildings facade. J. Kobi & Company manufactured toiletries on the fifth floor until moving to their own building in 1923.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s the Holyoke became a gathering place for Seattle musicians and artists. The Robert Morris Social Club held regular dances in the building. The Seattle Musical Club gathered in the building and suites on the building&#39;s second floor were used for practice runs and discussions. Among the musicians who gathered there were Vaughn Arthur, violinist, Rose and Frank Egan, founders of the Egan School in Los Angeles, and Nellie Cornish, who later founded her own arts school in Seattle. Other social clubs opened up in the building including the Lonesome Club that advertised, "Strangers and lonely people welcome."</p><br>
<h3>Restoration to the current day</h3><br>
<p>Over the years little had been done to alter the buildings facade. The storefronts were modernized and a fire escape was added to the north facade, all of which have since been undone. Most likely as a result of an earthquake in 1949, most of the granite that originally finished the buildings brick cornice was removed.</p><br>
<p>Following its induction into the National Register in 1975, the Holyoke Buildings owners, Harbor Properties, owned by prominent Seattleite Stimson Bullit, proposed a nearly $1 million renovation that would convert the then mostly vacant building into a vibrant mix of air-conditioned offices and shops. Architects Olsen/Walker Associates, who had also designed the restoration of the Maynard Building in Pioneer Square, proposed to cut the inside of the building in half with a large interior landscaped courtyard. For Harbor Properties, who were better known for demolishing historic buildings such as the Arlington Hotel, this project was a first.</p><br>
<p>Ra  is a small coral islet of 0.5 km², located in the Banks group of northern Vanuatu. The same name also refers to the single village which is situated within this islet.</p><br>
<p>The islet of Ra is situated off the larger island of Mota Lava. Access to Ra is done in two ways: at low tide, by wading across the narrow strait from the mainland; at high tide, by outrigger canoe.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The islet is known in English, and Bislama, as Ra. This name reflects a shortened version of the form Rao, which is the way the islet is called in the neighbouring language Mota.</p><br>
<p>In the islanders&#39; own language Mwotlap, the islet of Ra is called Aya.</p><br>
<p>The spelling Rah, which is sometimes found in foreigners&#39; accounts, is wrong.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>The 2009 census figures</p><br>
<p>give a population of 189 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>Rock Lawn is a historic house in Garrison, New York, United States. It was built in the mid-19th century from a design by architect Richard Upjohn. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with its carriage house, designed by Stanford White and built around 1880.</p><br>
<p>It is Upjohn&#39;s only house in the Italian villa style in the Hudson Highlands. In the early 21st century it was renovated and remodeled.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The house and carriage house are located on a 12.3 acre lot in Garrison, an unincorporated hamlet of the town of Philipstown. It is located on Upper Station Road (County Route 14), approximately 500 ft west of New York State Route 9D and 750 ft east of the Hudson River, towards which the land slopes, then drops sharply, allowing a view across the river to the United States Military Academy at West Point, a National Historic Landmark. The landscape is largely cleared, with intermittent mature shade trees. Garrison&#39;s fire station is next door; a small Catholic church is across the road along with other large-lot houses. To the east and south are other residences.</p><br>
<p>Among the other buildings and structures in the area are others listed on the National Register. At the junction of Upper Station and NY 9D are the Arts and Crafts Garrison Union Free School with the Moore House behind it, and St. Philips Church in the Highlands, also designed by Upjohn. Down the hill to the east at the riverside, the small Garrison Landing Historic District is across the railroad tracks, just north of the Garrison station on Metro-North Railroads Hudson Line.</p><br>
<p>To the southeast, along Lower Station Road (County Route 12), is the Carpenter Gothic Wilson House. It completes the circuit back to NY 9D, at an intersection known as Garrison Four Corners, also the western terminus of short New York State Route 403. with the Mandeville House, a Dutch Colonial residence briefly remodeled by Upjohn, who lived there for the last years of his life. The Birches, an early work by Ralph Adams Cram, rounds out the collection of Register listings in that part of Garrison.</p><br>
<p>An iron fence runs along the north side of the property, next to the sidewalk along Upper Station. In its center a gated entrance allows access to a slightly meandering 200 ft driveway that expands to a large carport nestling in the corner of the house&#39;s L-shaped footprint. A group of taller trees, including some newly planted 40 ft silver lindens, set slightly back from the street and fence partially screen the house from the street; in the northwest corner these go all the way to the fence.</p><br>
<p>A small garden with elliptical walkway is located in front of the north facade of the house. To the east of the carport is a fenced-in modern kidney-shaped swimming pool with stone deck and inset whirlpool next to a rock outcrop that has been adapted to create a small waterfall flowing into the pool. South of it the driveway continues east to the carriage house, on its south side, then returns alongside the east fence to an auxiliary gate near the northeast corner. The south and west property lines are also fenced.</p><br>
<h3>Main house</h3><br>
<p>The house has a main block, a southern block, a wing connecting them and a garage wing on the east of the south block.</p><br>
<h4>Main block</h4><br>
<p>The main block is a two-story stucco-faced brick building with load-bearing walls on a stone foundation. Atop is a hip roof pierced by a single large stone chimney. On the west side a similar hip roof and chimney rise an additional story. At the southeast corner of the main block is a circular projecting bay with a conical roof.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is located on a projecting bay in the center of the north (front) facade, forming a small pavilion. A small set of steps lead up to four-paneled wooden double doors with four-pane sidelights topped by a gently arched two-pane transom. It is topped by a sandstone beltcourse, which continues at the springline of the semicircular arches with radiating muntins atop the French windows on either side.</p><br>
<p>On the second story the fenestration consists of an arched six-over-one double-hung sash window flanked by two smaller and narrower versions. The side windows are arched one-over-one double-hung sash. The same sandstone course runs along the springlines and atop the arches.</p><br>
<p>The third story has a single round oculus framed in sandstone in the center of the projection&#39;s gabled roof. Underneath its broad eaves are fasciae, exposed rafters and returns. To the side are rectangular six-pane casement windows with sandstone lintels and sills.</p><br>
<p>The sandstone courses and arched windows continue on the western facade. South of the first bay on the first story, there is a semi-octagonal stone-faced projecting bay window with a wooden balustrade on top. Each facet has one single-pane window with a three-light transom. Double sliding glass doors open onto the balcony created by the balustrade. The bays on either side on both stories are set in arched one-over-one double-hung sash.</p><br>
<p>All three northern bays are on a projecting pavilion. To its south on the first story, double French doors, flanked by similar single doors, with three- and six-pane transoms open onto a set of stone steps. Above them there is a single arched one-over-one window near the southwest corner of the main block. A matching window on the east side is the only one on that entire facade.</p><br>
<h4>Connecting wing</h4><br>
<p>From the south elevation there projects a long wing. On its east it has a two-story semicircular stone portico with a shed roof. A flat roof on its east supported by four round wooden columns shelters a stone porch with steps and iron railings on either side. At the top is an arched double wooden door with ornate tracery inside a wooden surround. This is currently the house&#39;s main entrance.</p><br>
<p>Fenestration on the portico consists of two long windows on the first floor to either side of the entrance, with sandstone sills and lintels. On the second story the windows are round-arched with radiating muntins. The roof above them has broad overhanging eaves. To either side on both stories of the south wing are tripartite single-pane windows. Those on the first story have transoms with a single row of square panes.</p><br>
<p>On the west side the main block gives way to a stone-faced section centered on a two-story trapezoidal bay window, topped by a balustraded balcony accessed from a clerestory. The first story of the bay has a narrow French door at the top of stone steps flanked by two similar windows, all topped with a transom of three panes per window. On the facets and either side of the bay are similar single-pane windows with four-pane transoms.</p><br>
<p>The second story echoes the ground floor with four narrow, untransomed windows. The facets and north flanking windows follow this pattern, single panes like those below but without transoms. Below the south facet another balustrade springs, accessed by a door on the south flanking side.</p><br>
<p>The balcony connects to a projecting three-story engaged rectangular tower topped by a hipped roof pierced by a stone chimney, similar to the main block. Below the balcony, the first story has three French doors with sunburst-pattern transoms, also with stone steps. Two sandstone stringcourses also run around the tower. The upper one is the springline for the round arches on the third story&#39;s three narrow French doors that open onto a small balustraded balcony of their own.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the wing is a south block of roughly the same shape and size as the main block. The south facade is identically styled to the north facade of the main block. An area on its southwest has been fenced off for use as a dog run.</p><br>
<p>On the south block&#39;s west is an engaged two-and-a-half-story octagonal tower with gently pitched conical roof. Its first story has narrow French windows with radiating muntins in their round-arched transoms. They have sandstone sills and lintels; the latter with a stringcourse at their springline. Above them in each facet is a gently arched two-over-two double-hung sash window, with similar sills and lintels. The third story has the same sort of rectangular casement windows as the main block.</p><br>
<h4>Garage wing</h4><br>
<p>Extending from the south block&#39;s east facade is a garage wing. It is one and a half stories, topped by a cross-gabled hipped roof pierced by a single gabled dormer window on the east. The facade is stone below a water table on the first story and stucco above it.</p><br>
<p>Its north facade has five gently arched garage bays, all set with wooden doors topped by square-paned transoms and flanked by ornate metal lanterns. A stone apron is set in the pavement in front of the doors.</p><br>
<p>On the east facade a single four-paned casement window with sandstone lintel is set in the center of the first story. A sandstone stringcourse runs around the building just below the exposed rafters of the broad overhanging eaves; the central gable of the north facade is set with two narrow arched one-over-one double-hung sash topped by sandstone lintels. The east dormer has a similar window.</p><br>
<h3>Carriage house</h3><br>
<p>The carriage house is a one-and-a-half-story timber frame structure on a stone foundation. It is sided in shingles and topped by a similarly shingled gambrel roof, cross-gambreled at the eastern end. The western section, where the horses and carriages were kept, has one large garage bay with a projecting shed roof. On the north facade, a stone chimney with a narrow six-over-six double-hung sash window in the base separates it from the cross-gambreled main block.</p><br>
<p>Next to the chimney on the main block is the main entrance, a paneled wooden door with a gambrel hood supported by brackets. To its east are three small nine-pane square casement windows set just below the molded cornice that separates the first story from the roof. West of the main entrance is a single nine-over-nine double-hung sash near the corner with plain wooden surround.</p><br>
<p>Two more nine-over-nine double-hung sash are located near the corners of the first story&#39;s west facade. The west side has a centrally located secondary entrance. Next to it on the north are three more of the nine-pane casement windows.</p><br>
<p>On the upper level, both of the front gambrels have two more nine-over-nine sash windows. A Palladian window is set in the center of the west apex. The eastern side has a former entrance for loading hay on the south, with two more nine-over-nine double-hung sash to its north. In the center of the roof is an octagonal wooden cupola with louvered vents topped by a conical metal roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main block of the house was built in 1853 for Henry Belcher, who owned the Garrison and West Point Ferry Company, which operated from nearby Garrison Landing to Highland Falls across the river. Both terminals were within view of the house. Richard Upjohn&#39;s Italianate design was his only use of the Italian villa house type in the Hudson Highlands.</p><br>
<p>In the later years of the century the house became the home of Hamilton Fish II, one of a long line of local political figures with that name. A lawyer and onetime member of the state assembly, eventually becoming that bodys Speaker, he became chair of the Putnam County Republican Party and as such wielded considerable influence over state politics. During his time in the house the buildings extensions and outbuildings were added. Around 1880, a young Stanford White designed the property&#39;s carriage house in the Shingle Style.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1980s the mansion was purchased by Patty Hearst and her former bodyguard and husband, Bernard Shaw. They lived there with their children through Shaw&#39;s death in 2013. At that time they had just completed an extensive restoration and renovation of the house which changed its exterior appearance.</p><br>
<p>Oulagisket or "Lisburne Grange," also known as the Sloan Estate, is a historic estate located in Garrison, New York, in Putnam County. It consists of the main house and carriage house , superintendents cottage , barns , and carpenters shop . The main house is a -story stuccoed masonry building in the Italianate style. It has a large 2-story service wing. The carriage house is a 2-story masonry building with a gable roof.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Samuel Sloan and his wife, Margaret Elmendorf Sloan, in Garrison, New York, as their summer estate, which they called Oulasgisket. Sloan, best known for his 32-year-long presidency of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, was a prominent 19th century railroad magnate. Now consisting of 16 acres, the original estate comprised several hundred acres, consisting of outbuildings, barns, and, ultimately, three large summer homes built as wedding presents for three of his children. The house was originally approximately 8,000 square feet and was built in the mid-nineteenth-century Gothic style then popular in the United States.</p><br>
<p>His son and daughter-in-law, Katherine and Samuel Sloan, Jr., inherited the estate in 1907 and began large scale changes and modifications. The original American Indian name, Oulagiskit, was changed to Lisburne Grange, in honor of the birthplace of Samuel Sloan, Sr. in Lisburne, County Down, Ireland. The house itself was expanded by approximately 5,000 square feet and completely redesigned in the then more-popular Italianate style, largely eliminating all Gothic traces. In addition, Fletcher Steele, one America&#39;s most famous landscape architects of the first half of the 20th century, was hired to redesign and expand the existing landscaping. His work was performed in the late 1920s and resulted in a series of gardens and vistas that were widely admired as examples of his work.</p><br>
<p>Following the death of Katherine Sloan in the early 1950s, the estate was ultimately sold to its first non-Sloan owners, who occupied the property until 2010, when it was sold again. Remarkably, Lisburne Grange was owned by only three families for almost 150 years.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Horseshoe Island is an island 6.5 nmi long and 3 nmi wide occupying most of the entrance to Square Bay, along the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered and named by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill who mapped the area by land and from the air in 1936–37. Its name is indicative of the crescentic alignment of the 600 to 900 m peaks which give a comparable shape to the island.</p><br>
<h2>Station Y</h2><br>
<p>Lying at the north-western end of the island is Station Y, also known as Horseshoe Base, an inactive but relatively unaltered and completely equipped British research station of the late 1950s. It includes ‘Blaiklock’, a nearby refuge hut. The site has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 63), following a proposal by the United Kingdom to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.</p><br>
<p>The Tomb of the Prophets Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi  The Prophets") is an ancient burial site located on the upper western slope of the Mount of Olives, Jerusalem. According to a medieval Jewish tradition also adopted by Christians, the catacomb is believed to be the burial place of Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi, the last three Hebrew Bible prophets who are believed to have lived during the 6th-5th centuries BC. Archaeologists have dated the three earliest burial chambers to the 1st century BC, thus contradicting the tradition.</p><br>
<h2>Burial chamber</h2><br>
<p>The chamber forms two concentric passages containing 38 burial niches. The entrance to the large rock-cut burial cave is on the western side, where a staircase descends, flanked on both sides by a stone balustrade.</p><br>
<p>Research shows that the complex actually dates from the 1st-century BCE, when these style of tombs came into use for Jewish burial. Some Greek inscriptions discovered at the site suggest the cave was re-used to bury foreign Christians during the 4th and 5th centuries CE. On one of the side walls of the vault, a Greek inscription translates:</p><br>
<p>Put thy faith in God, Dometila: No human creature is immortal!</p><br>
<h2>Holy site</h2><br>
<p>The site has been venerated by the Jews since medieval times, and they often visited the site. In 1882, Archimandrite Antonine (Kapustin) acquired the location for the Russian Orthodox Church. He planned to build a church at the site, which aroused strong protests by the Jews who visited and worshipped at the cave. The Ottoman courts ruled in 1890 that the transaction was binding but the Russians agreed not to display Christian symbols or icons at the site which was to remain accessible for people of all faiths.</p><br>
<p>The J.H.C. Petersen&#39;s Sons Wholesale Building was an historic building located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was built in 1910 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was one of five buildings that was a part of the J.H.C. Petersens Sons Store. It was built as a warehouse between 1909 and 1910 during a period of expanding sales for the store. It stood between the Schick&#39;s Express and Transfer Co. building and the former Schauder Hotel. All three of these buildings along with the Clifton-Metropolitan Hotel on the corner of River Drive and Main Street were torn down to make way for a parking structure and the Davenport Skybridge. The property was delisted from the National Register in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Designed by the Davenport architectural firm of Clausen & Clausen, the building expresses a local adaptation of the Chicago Commercial style. Its internal structure is conservatively expressed in the facade. The exterior was covered in brick, which allowed for the use of large windows and improved daylight illumination on the interior. The wide segmented arches on the fourth floor and above the main entrance are simply decorative elements.</p><br>
<p>The Edmund Gleason Farm is a historic district in Valley View, Ohio, United States. The core house was built in 1851 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 along with another building, on a 2 acre property. The historic designation was expanded in 1993 to add 13 acre including a dairy barn.</p><br>
<p>Gleason&#39;s house is a sandstone structure built into a hillside near the main line of the Ohio and Erie Canal. Its plan is that of a simple rectangle, divided into two bays on the ends and five on the front and rear, with the main entrance in the middle bay of the facade. The ends rise to gables, and elements such as gable returns and an undecorated frieze produce a Greek Revival appearance. The original structure was modified circa 1880, when a shed-roofed wooden porch was constructed; it bears its own ornamentation, including a bracketed frieze and a spindled railing.</p><br>
<p>Gleason and his wife Charlotte settled in present-day Valley View in an unknown year, although his first appearance in the tax records dates from 1843. According to the 1850 census, Gleason was a native of New York, and at the time of the census, he was engaged in farming.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln School is located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Davenport Board of Education did an evaluation of its elementary school facilities in the 1920s as well as a study of the projected growth of the city and where that growth would take place. The projection was for the number of elementary-aged students to rise by almost three thousand students between 1930 and 1950, but no building plan based on these projections was prepared. The elementary school population, however, already rose to that projection by 1936. The board decided at that time to close twelve of its old elementary school buildings and build six new ones. The plan would cost the school district $2.5 million with the federal government contributing 45% of the costs as part of the Public Works Administration. In addition to Lincoln, the new elementary schools included Monroe, Madison, Washington, Jefferson, and McKinley. Lincoln was the only new facility to be built on the location of one of the older buildings.</p><br>
<p>The floor plans for all six school buildings were designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Smith & Childs, and they are all similar in layout. Local architects were employed to design the stylistic features for each building. Davenport architect Howard S. Muesse was chosen for Lincoln School. The building was constructed by Langlois Construction Co. Ground for the new building was broken in 1939 and classes were begun in 1940. Davenport&#39;s population continued to increase after World War II and in 1952 second story classrooms were built on the projecting ends of the building and a two-story addition that included classrooms and a cafeteria in the lower level was added to the northwest corner of the building. Three years later Hoover Elementary School was built further to the east to elevate congestion at both Lincoln and McKinley.</p><br>
<p>Enrollment continued to climb during the 1960s and started to decline in the 1970s. The decline continued into the first decade of the 21st-century. The school became Lincoln Integrated Academy of Arts in 2005, as one of 10 charter schools in the state of Iowa. On April 9, 2012 the Davenport Community School District decided to close Lincoln School at the end of the school year. The decision was based on the need to close a budget deficit and for lack of enrollment. The school district plans to continue maintenance on the building and hopes to find a community use for it.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Lincoln School is a three-story structure set on a basement composed of steel-reinforced concrete. The exterior is covered in light brown brick that is accented with limestone. A flat roof tops the building. The main entrance into the building is flanked by four, two-story columns in the Corinthian order. The entrance itself is a double door with a large transom above and it is capped with decorative stone. Wrought iron balconies project from the second story above the entrance. The windows are organized in groups of two, they have decorative stone lintels and they are connected to a stone belt-course. The 1952 addition was built using the same brick as the original building, but the window patterns are different.</p><br>
<p>The library, gymnasium, auditorium, science, art, and vocal music rooms were located in the center of the building. Also in the center of the building was a separate community room for use by local citizens. The classrooms were separated from these common areas. A kindergarten room with its own exterior entrance was located in the west wing. The gymnasium, auditorium, and the community room were opposite the main entrance and the school office on the first floor. The library was located above the entrance on the second floor. The science, art, and music rooms were located above the gymnasium, auditorium, and the community room on the third floor. They and their storage rooms were the only rooms on that floor. The back wall of the music room curved and the side walls narrowed toward the entrance.</p><br>
<p>McKinley Elementary School is located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa near the McClellan Heights Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 as a part of the Public Schools for Iowa: Growth and Change MPS.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Davenport Board of Education did an evaluation of its elementary school facilities in the 1920s as well as a study of the projected growth of the city and where that growth would take place. The projection was for the number of elementary-aged students to rise by almost three thousand students between 1930 and 1950, but no building plan based on these projections was prepared. The elementary school population, however, already rose to that projection by 1936. The board decided at that time to close twelve of its old elementary school buildings and build six new ones. The plan would cost the school district $2.5 million with the federal government contributing 45% of the costs as part of the Public Works Administration. In addition to McKinley, the new elementary schools included Monroe, Lincoln, Madison, Washington, and Jefferson.</p><br>
<p>The floor plans for all six school buildings was designed by the Chicago architectural firm of Smith & Childs, and they are all similar in layout. Local architects were employed to design the stylistic features for each building. The Davenport architectural firm of Kruse & Parrish was chosen for McKinley. The building was constructed by Tunnicliff Construction Co. Ground for the new building was broken in 1939 and classes were begun in 1940. Davenport&#39;s population continued to increase after World War II and in 1953 second story classrooms were built on the projecting ends of the building and a two-story addition that included classrooms and a cafeteria in the lower level was added to the northwest corner of the building. Two years later Hoover Elementary School was built to the west to elevate congestion at both McKinley and Lincoln. Enrollment continued to climb during the 1960s and started to decline in the 1970s. The decline has continued into the first decade of the 21st-century.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>McKinley Elementary School is a three-story structure set on a basement composed of steel-reinforced concrete. The exterior is covered in dark red brick that is accented with limestone. A flat roof tops the building. The class rooms at both ends of the building project slightly from the main facade. There is a bay window on the south side. The main entrance into the building is a tripartite door with a Gothic arch transom above. It is capped with heavy decorative stone work that features a carving of a book and beehive above the door. The library windows above the entrance are also surrounded by stone. The roof level features crenallated brick with a stone coping. The windows are organized in groups of two, they have decorative stone lintels and they are connected to a stone belt-course. The 1953 addition was built using the same brick and stone belt-course as the original building.</p><br>
<p>The library, gymnasium, auditorium, science, art, and vocal music rooms are located in the center of the building. Also in the center of the building is a separate community room for use by local citizens. The classrooms are separated from these common areas. A kindergarten room with its own exterior entrance is located on the south side of the building. The gymnasium, auditorium, and the community room are opposite the main entrance and the school office on the first floor. The library is located above the entrance on the second floor. The science, art, and music rooms are located above the gymnasium, auditorium, and the community room on the third floor. They and their storage rooms are the only rooms on that floor.</p><br>
<p>The Walsh Flats/Langworth Building was located in downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Langworth Building was a rare combination of automobile showroom on the main floor and apartments located above. The building reflects two new trends in building types that appeared in Davenport at the turn of the 20th-century. The first trend was the construction of multiple family apartment buildings with Neoclassical features and composition. The second trend is the appearance of showrooms for auto dealers and garages in response to the arrival of the automobile.</p><br>
<p>Walsh Flats is noteworthy as the residence of Dr. C.L. Barewald. Barewald was a Socialist who ran for mayor of Davenport in 1918 and lost by only a few votes. However, two other Socialists, George Peck and Walter Bracher, were elected aldermen from two predominately German wards. In 1920 Barewald won a significant majority of the votes and was elected mayor. The two Socialist aldermen were also returned to office. His election may have come about because German voters were dissatisfied with the Democratic partys war stance and the Republican partys prohibition stance. During his term in office several public works projects were begun. They include the extension of Kirkwood sewer and the construction of a municipal natorium on the riverfront. His term in office, however, was marked by office and fiscal upheaval. His policies put hundreds of unemployed people back to work, but his spending to accomplish this was not sanctioned by a fiscally conservative electorate. Barewald and the two aldermen were voted out of office in 1922. The building itself exemplifies Barewalds austere lifestyle and symbolic of the Socialists populist political stance.</p><br>
<p>The automobile dealership eventually moved to the north side of the city, but an auto repair shop remained in the back. Walsh Flats-Langworth Building was located between the Scott County Courthouse and Davenport City Hall. Several years after it was torn down the Davenport Police Department headquarters were built on the property.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Neoclassical style building was designed by Davenport architect Gustav Hanssen and completed in 1910. It was four stories tall and the exterior was composed of brick and stone that were placed over a metal frame. It featured a 20-bay main facade. There were four stairhalls that were indicated by two windows and a decorative panel that were grouped vertically beneath a round keystone arch. The stairhalls indicate the four-part arrangement of both the salesroom area and the apartments on the upper floor. Plate glass filled the shopfront fenestration.</p><br>
<p>The Willis House is a historic home located at Manchester Township, York County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1762, and is a 2 1/2-story, banked brick dwelling with a partly exposed basement. It measures 30 feet long by 31 feet wide and has a steeply pitched gable roof. The interior is laid out in avariation of a Georgian center hall plan.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The builder William Willis (*1726 †1801), a quaker, got 1752 480 acres from Thomas Penn and Richard Penn. His grandfather John Willis was born 1668 in Great Britain. 1675 the family migrated to Westbury, Long Island, New York. His son Samuel Williams (*1778 †1848) is frequently mentioned in local histories as "kindly Friend Willis" and was a ringleader of the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The United Cigar Manufacturing Company building is an historic building located at York, York County, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed as a cigar factory in 1907 by the United Cigar Manufacturing Company of New York City.</p><br>
<p>United Cigar was formed in 1902 by the consolidation of Kerbs, Wertheim & Schiffer; Hirschhorn, Mack & Company; and Stratton & Storm Company. It was subsequently incorporated in New York under the same name in 1906. As of 1907, the company owned and operated 19 factories in New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey and manufactured 400 million cigars annually for the wholesale market. It became the General Cigar Company about 1917.</p><br>
<p>The cigar factory was operated for an undetermined period as the York City Cigar Company. After 1932, the building housed printers and clothing manufacturers and is currently used as an apartment building.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The three-story, brick building is on a stone foundation and has a low-pitched gable roof. The main facade is 18 bays wide and has a 4-bay-wide, 1-bay-deep, center pavilion. The building measures 174 feet wide by 41 feet deep.</p><br>
<p>Glenwood is a historic plantation with a Greek Revival house and several outbuildings, located near Enon, Yadkin County, North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Tyre Glen or Tyree Glenn (1800–1875) built one of the largest plantations in western North Carolina in Enon. The estate, known as Glenwood, once had 360 slaves and 6,000 acre. The 15-room house, with its Doric columns, was completed in 1837. The soapstone foundation for the house came from Glens own quarry. Recently, it was restored and is a privately owned residence. Glens property included a dam, gristmill and a ferry at the Yadkin River.</p><br>
<p>Glen spent his early career as a slave trader and land broker, helping set up plantations in Mississippi. Glen&#39;s papers are available through Duke University Libraries and have been cited in recent books on the Civil War period. Among the records, is a price table from the early 1850s that values slaves based on their ages. Glenwood was a center for culture in the area. Prominent visitors included North Carolina Gov. Zebulon Vance; and North Carolina Chief Justice Richard M. Pearson. Glen was married to Margaret Ann Bynum (June 8, 1816 - July 3, 1871) daughter of Hampton Bynum and Mary Coleman Martin.</p><br>
<p>In 1863, a company of 50 uninvited Confederate troops of the 8th Battalion Georgia Infantry descended on Glenwood. In April 1863, Glens rants against Secession angered the officers, who instigated a plot to lure him from Glenwood and hang him as a traitor. The officers plot was stopped by heavy rains that washed away the bridge at Deep Creek, and Glen returned to his home.</p><br>
<p>In July 1864, William Alexander Conrad, a founding member of Enon Baptist Church and member of the Home Guard, was shot at Glenn&#39;s Ferry trying to catch what he thought were three deserters who were crossing the river in a small boat. Conrad died several months later. Years after the war, it was learned that the men were Union soldiers who had escaped from prison and were on their way to Ohio.</p><br>
<p>Glenwood was raided several times during the American Civil War. By the last raid in April 1865, most of the slaves had fled, and there was neither a horse nor a head of cattle left. As the Confederate army disbanded, troops marched along the ferry road that ran through the estate. For weeks, long tables were erected at each side of the house and family members and the few remaining freedmen gave food to all who stopped.</p><br>
<p>Isaac Jarratt (1812–1875), one of Glen&#39;s partners in the slave trade, also settled in the Enon area. Jarratt, who served as a drummer boy during the War of 1812, bought the Davis Durrett plantation in 1835. Many of the Jarratt family papers, including letters and slave receipts, are located in the library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. During the Civil War, Isaac Jarratt was captain of the Yadkin County Home Guard.</p><br>
<p>The Jarratt family is also tied to the families of Thomas Lanier Clingman and through marriage to Richard Clauselle Puryear of nearby Huntsville, North Carolina. The Durrett-Jarratt House, on Old USA Highway 421, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Old Town, also known as the Thomas Brown House, is a house in Franklin, Tennessee, United States, at the Old Town Archeological Site that was built by Thomas Brown starting in 1846. It is a two-story frame structure built on an "I-House" plan, an example of vernacular architecture showing Greek Revival influences. The Thomas Brown House is among the best two-story vernacular I-house examples in the county .</p><br>
<p>It was located on the Harpeth River branch of the Natchez Trace.</p><br>
<p>Singer Jimmy Buffett owned the house in the late 1980s.</p><br>
<p>It is built amidst and named for, Old Town, a village site of Mississippian culture with mounds. It is located near Old Town Bridge, the remains of a Natchez Trace bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Original Owner</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Brown was born in Virginia in 1800 and moved to Williamson County, Tennessee, in 1822. Brown became a prominent farmer and purchased a large amount of land from William O&#39;Neal Perkins in 1840. Brown began construction of this two-story frame house in 1846 with builder Prior Lilly acting as contractor. Little is known about Lilly but he is also the attributed contractor of the H.G.W. Mayberry House (MW-676), a brick central passage plan residence built ca. 1856. Thomas Brown was listed in 1860 with real estate valued at $25,000 and personal property of $34.500. At his death in 1870, he owned 546 acres of valuable land along the Harpeth River. Brown had six children and his daughter, Bethenia Brown Miller, lived at the house until her death in 1913.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>Old Town is a two-story frame central passage plan antebellum residence with Greek Revival detailing. On the main (east) facade is an original two-story portico with square columns and Doric capitals. On the second story balcony is a lattice railing and in the gable field is dentil molding. The main entrance has an original four panel frame door, two light sidelights with frame lower panels, and a two light transom. Dividing the door and sidelights are fluted Doric motif plasters. The door has rectangular frame panels and a dentilled cornice.</p><br>
<p>On the central bay of the second story is an original door with features to match the main entrance. Windows on the main facade are original paired four-over-four sash with 19th century shutters. Over the windows are dentiled cornices and dentils are also located along the roof cornice. The house has weatherboard siding, exterior end brick chimneys, a gable roof of composition shingles, and a stone foundation. On the south facade are original four panel doors which open onto a ca. 1960 one-story porch with square Doric motif columns. The rear two-story ell also has a brick chimney. The rear and side facades have original six-over-six sash windows.</p><br>
<p>The Bersntol  is a valley in the Autonomous Province of Trento, in north-eastern Italy. The Fersina river runs through it. It is also known as the Valle del Mòcheni after its inhabitants, who speak the Upper German Mòcheno language.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Since the 14th century the valley has been home to a Mòcheno-speaking population of Upper Germann origin, and is a language island of the Mòcheno language.</p><br>
<p>The valley is part of the district of Alta Valsugana e Bersntol.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>The four municipalities of the valley are Vlarötz, Garait, Palai en Bersntol, and Sant&#39;Orsola Terme. The majority of people declared themselves members of the Mòcheno linguistic group.</p><br>
<p>The Pezzata Mòchena breed of domestic goat originates in the valley.</p><br>
<p>An ancient underground quarry in the Jordan Valley was discovered in 2009 by University of Haifa archeologists. The quarry is located about 3 miles  north of Jericho, West Bank.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cave is located in the desert north of Jericho, 10 metres (40 ft) beneath the surface. It spans more than 1-acre (0.4-hectare) and its main hall is supported by 22 pillars. Various symbols, including Byzantine crosses, a zodiac-like symbol and Roman numerals are engraved upon the pillars. An etched Roman legions pennant indicates that it was used by the Roman Army. The cave was dug around 2,000 years ago and served as a large quarry during the Roman era. The chambers run as a quarry likely lasted approximately 400 to 500 years. It may subsequently have been used as a monastery and some believe it may have marked a biblical site which became sacred to ancient Christians. Others, while admitting the possibility that the cave could have been associated with monastic activity, claimed that the etched crosses alone cannot confirm the existence of a church, since they may have been made by random pilgrims which was a common phenomenon at the time.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Adam Zertal, who led the expedition, contends that the spot may mark the ancient site named Galgala. Referring to the Byzantine era Madaba map, he notes a site called Galgala is depicted next to an inscription that reads "Dodekaliton", which translates as "Twelve Stones". The place is marked at a distance from Jericho that matches the cave&#39;s distance from the city. The map shows a church next to Dodekaliton and today the remains of two ancient churches are located near the cave. Zertal suggests that the meaning of "Twelve Stones" relates to the biblical verses that describe the twelve stones that the Children of Israel placed in Gilgal and may be understood as a reference to the quarry that was dug in the place the Byzantines identified as Gilgal.</p><br>
<p>The Sheads House, also known as Oak Ridge Seminary, is a historic home located at Gettysburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1862, and is a 2 1/2-story, "T"-shaped brick dwelling in the Gothic Revival style. It sits on a granite foundation and has a cross gable roof. It features an ornamental fascia board and porches with ornamental balustrades. Shortly after it was built it housed Oak Ridge Seminary, a girls&#39; school. During the Battle of Gettysburg, it was used as a hospital for Confederate States Army wounded.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is located in the Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Sheads House Gettysburg PA shell in wall.jpgShell embedded in the wall to the left of the window</p><br>
<p>The Crystal Falls Dam and Power Plant is a utility located on the Paint River off Powerplant Road, on the north side of Crystal Falls, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The section of the Paint River where the dam is now located was once a series of falls and rapids that gave Crystal Falls its name. However, in 1891, the village of Crystal Falls constructed the Crystal Falls dam and power plant, effectively submerging the rapids. They were leased to C.T. Roberts from 1891 to 1896, after which the village took over management of the plant. The plant was expanded in 1907, and new generators were installed in 1914 and 1924. The plant was expanded several times; however, the output could not keep up with demand, and starting in 1929, Crystal Falls purchased supplemental power from the Wisconsin Energy Corporation.</p><br>
<p>After 1929, the power plant and dam were upgraded multiple times, including a 1931 installation of a new concrete dam installed containing the rollway and tainter gates and a 1996 resurfacing of the spillway. The Crystal Falls Power Plant is still operational, and is likely the oldest hydro-electric plant still in operation in the Upper Peninsula. It provides roughly 1/3 of the power demanded by the residents of Crystal Falls.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Crystal Falls Power Plant is a two-story structure measuring approximately thirty feet by sixty feet with a hipped roof. The power plant is constructed of yellow brick with sandstone trim and sits on a concrete foundation. The adjacent concrete dam spanning the Paint River measures approximately seventy-five feet long and fifteen feet high, and has four spillway sections.</p><br>
<p>Lumus Rock is a rock located 4 nmi west-northwest of Sooty Rock, marking the southwestern extremity of the Wilhelm Archipelago off the Graham Coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. It was discovered by British Graham Land Expedition , 1934–37, and named "Lumus Reef" after one of the expedition cats, the only one to survive the Antarctic winter. The BGLE naming has been accepted because of long use, though a change in generic term, from reef to rock, was made on recommendation by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1971. The rock is situated roughly midway between Anvers and Renaud Island at 7.8 mi west-northwest of the Betbeder Islands, in the Hugo Island Trough, belonging to the Palmer Deep, an inner shelf structural depression.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Lumus Rock was named after the ship&#39;s cat, Lummo, present on the Penola, a three-masted schooner of the British Graham Land Expedition, visiting the Wilhelm Archipelago from 1934 to 1937. Lummo survived the three year expedition and died in Woking, Surrey, England during the Second World War.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Antarctic Peninsula, located on the Antarctic Plate, and its offshore islands are probably composed of Late Paleozoic rocks that are strongly folded. The geological map of Antarctica lists Mesozoic volcanic rocks and granitoids in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Campbell Building is small historic commercial building in Crafton, Pennsylvania. It was built about 1911 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 19, 1988.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Campbell was an unsuccessful real estate developer who used the building as a sales office from about 1911 to 1915. He may have built it at the current location, which was owned by his major financial backer, Mrs. Adelia Silk, or he had it moved from another location. It is built in the Colonial Revival style, with a hipped roof and a neoclassical entrance porch, which reflect the contemporary styles in both local residential and commercial buildings. Nevertheless, it was designed to be noticeable, and its size, red tile roof and original white stucco walls set the building off from the rest of the buildings in the town&#39;s commercial district.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. Silk died in 1913, and Campbell died in 1915 after selling fewer than 12 building lots. About 1925 the building was raised up on a new brick foundation. It has been used as millinery shop, a furnace display room, a magistrate&#39;s office, a craft shop, a lunch counter and a weight-loss clinic. When it was threatened with destruction in the 1980s, local residents fought to preserve the building and list it on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Coraopolis Railroad Station is located in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania. The train station was built in 1896 by the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad, and designed by architects Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge in Richardsonian Romanesque style.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>According to the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation, the "use of this particular style in the Pittsburgh area, especially work by Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge, represents an important aspect of the architectural history of the Pittsburgh area."</p><br>
<p>The building and its sister stations in Glassport and New Castle were constructed in the late 1890s as part of an expansion of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad&#39;s commuter line into the suburbs of Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<p>The building was nominated for the National Register of Historic Places by the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation in 1978. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 20, 1979. At the time, the building was still owned by the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad and was occupied by an auto equipment dealer.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, the Coraopolis Economic Revitalization Corporation, Inc. (CERC) proposed using the railroad station as the basis for a future development, including a museum and a "Coraopolis Station Square." The station was added to the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks on December 10, 2012.</p><br>
<p>Plans have been made to convert the historic station to a trailside cafe seating 75 and a history museum. In 2014, it was estimated that $1.2 million would be needed for that purpose. In 2015, the Coraopolis Community Development Foundation raised $5000 for structure stabilization, work which officially began October 24, 2015. The foundation has submitted an application for a $250,000 Community Infrastructure and Tourism Fund grant through the Allegheny County Economic Development office to move the project forward. The station sits adjacent to the future Ohio River Greenway Trail which will connect it to the Montour Trail Extension. at Coraopolis/Neville Island Bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Railroad Station-Wilkinsburg is located in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, on Hay St. at the foot of Ross Ave. The building was completed in 1916 when the railroad embankment through town was elevated above street level to eliminate hazardous grade crossings. The two previous stations had been located three blocks southeast along Wood St. between Franklin and Rebecca Aves.</p><br>
<p>The 1916 station was built of brick and stone in the current Beaux-Arts architecture style with a vitrified tile waiting room and monumental wooden benches. It served three 12-car-length island platforms with enclosed seating areas situated between three pairs of tracks (main and yard leads). Originally the platform surfaces were level with the floors of the railroad passenger cars, but they were later lowered to the level of the track, reportedly due to substandard lateral clearances between the platforms and carbodies caused by the tracks partially curved alignment when lengthier cars came into use; the change further spared train crews the inconvenience of having to lower and raise trap doors over the coach stairwells for this single station alone when platform levels of the other stations on this commuter route were not elevated to match. One of the platforms was removed altogether. Access to the platforms was available by stairways at the Penn Ave., South Ave., and Franklin Ave. underpasses, in addition to the station tunnel which also served as the Ross Ave. pedestrian underpass. There was also a separate tunnel at the station to deliver mail, express, and baggage to the platforms (a USA post office was later constructed across the street from the station, forming a sort of civic center in conjunction with the municipal building/public library, also across the street). The stations strategic location visible down Ross Ave. was negated when that street&#39;s motor traffic was made one-way in the opposite direction.</p><br>
<p>Some time after demolition of the nearby East Liberty station in 1963, the Wilkinsburg station was designated to assume its function as the satellite station for selected long-distance express trains serving passengers in the East End of Pittsburgh. Meanwhile, Pennsylvania Railroad commuter trains at Wilkinsburg were discontinued on Nov. 27, 1964. The building was sold to the Borough of Wilkinsburg on Aug. 21, 1967. Although there was no ticket agent in later years, the waiting room remained open to customers and foot traffic during normal business hours until the freight agent was withdrawn, and then was used for the Boroughs public-works purposes. The PRR was merged into the Penn Central Transportation Company on Feb. 1, 1968. Its long-distance passenger service was assumed by Amtrak on May 1, 1971, at which time the three most lightly-patronized of the four pairs of trains still making daily stops at the station were discontinued. Long-distance passenger-train service at Wilkinsburg ended on September 14, 1975 when Amtrak discontinued the stop, citing a total of 128 passengers boarding or alighting in the first six months of 1975, the lowest system-wide. The last train serving Wilkinsburg was the National Limited, which operated daily between New York City and Kansas City, Missouri. The right of way was conveyed to Consolidated Rail Corp. on April 1, 1976, then to Norfolk Southern Railway on June 1, 1999. During the brief resumption of commuter service with Conrails Parkway Limited in 1981, the platforms had been removed and the stairways were inaccessible, so these two pairs of trains made their Wilkinsburg stop about two blocks southeast of the station, nearer the location of the predecessor stations; the building was not used. The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 18, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander Brownlie House, also known as the Sod House, is a historical structure located in Long Grove, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The significance of the Brownlie House is found in its development as rural architecture from the pioneer era to the early 20th century. Alexander Brownlie and his brother James settled this part of Scott County in the late 1830s. The first section of the house was completed by Alexander Brownlie in 1839 on a foundation of coursed limestone. The structure was composed of bricks made of molded clay and grass. Lathe was then attached to the bricks by using square nails and it was covered with plaster. The exterior was covered with clapboard.</p><br>
<p>An addition was built onto the east side in 1846. It was a 2½-story frame structure with brick nogging. The original chimney was removed and replaced with a connecting doorway between the original house and the addition. The main entrance into the house was moved to the right, yet it remains on the original structure. A third addition was added after 1893 on the north side, which gave the structure an "L" shaped floor plan. It too was of frame construction. In subsequent years the second floor and the third addition have been removed.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Klindt House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Henry Klindt</h2><br>
<p>Henry Klindt was born in 1839 in Fiefbergen, Holstein, in present-day Germany, to Thies and Wiepke (Mundt) Klindt. He came to the United States in 1856 and settled on a farm in Scott County, Iowa. He fought for the Union in the Civil War. After the war he opened a feed and grain store in Davenport before he took over the operations of the Eagle Brewery. He sold his interest in the brewery in 1891 to his son George, and became president of the Malt and Grain Company. Klindt married Catherina Schnoor in 1863 and they had one son.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Klindt built this house in 1890. It was one of three houses built on Marquette Street for the partners of the brewery. George Mengels house was at 826 and the George Klindt House, his sons house, at 902.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>This 2½-story, clapboard house was designed in the Queen Anne style. It features a hip roof, full height gable projections, a polygonal bay on the south side, and a porch on the east and south sides. The gable ends have a sunburst motif and dental moldings on the front and above the main entrance. Shingling is located between the floors of the polygonal bay and on the front gable. The porch features an Eastlake balustrade. The house is situated on a high hill above the street with large trees in the yard.</p><br>
<p>The James E. Lindsay House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1966.</p><br>
<h2>James E. Lindsay</h2><br>
<p>James Lindsay was a native of Essex County, New York and grew up working in his father’s lumber mill. In 1856 he moved and purchased land in Wisconsin. He moved to Davenport in 1861 where his Wisconsin timber was rafted down the Mississippi River and sawed into lumber. He went into business with John B. Phelps. The two bought a mill on the east side of Davenport, which they named the Lindsay & Phelps, Co. His interests in lumber eventually led him to ventures in Arkansas, Minnesota, Washington State, Oregon and Louisiana. In some of these ventures he joined with Frederick Weyerhaeuser from Rock Island, Illinois. In 1858 he married Mary Helen Phelps and they raised three children.</p><br>
<p>Lindsay built this home for his family in 1876. W.T. Waterman acquired the house from Lindsay&#39;s estate in the early 20th century. He was an associate in the law firm Lane and Waterman, which his father C.M. Waterman, was one of the founding partners.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Lindsay House is one of several Italianate style houses in the Fulton Addition. The two-story frame house is influenced by the Victorian styles of the era. It features an irregular roofscape progressive setback of projecting masses, a bracketed cornice, window trim, double-door entry and its original front porch.</p><br>
<p>The Oscar C. Woods House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Oscar C. Woods</h2><br>
<p>Oscar Woods was born in Passumpsic, Vermont in 1835, the son of Riley and Lydia (White) Woods. He was educated in the local public schools and attended St. Johnsbury Academy. He first moved to Chicago and then to La Moille, Illinois where he married Qeora Holbrooke in 1864. They had one child who died young and adopted a daughter. Woods was involved in the dry-goods business with his brother while he was in Illinois and then livestock. After he settled in Davenport in 1883 he purchased, with others, a wholesale fruit business, which he organized as The Martin Woods Company. Woods would build a larger house on East Locust Street in 1900. It is a contributing property in the Oak Lane Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, frame house built on a stone foundation is an example of a popular 19th-century Vernacular house style in Davenport known as the McClelland. It features a front gable, a three-bay facade with an entrance to one side, and a projecting polygonal window bay on the south side. Some of the embellishments that gave this house interest have either been covered with vinyl siding or have been removed entirely. One of the removed elements was an Adamesque-style porch from around the turn of the 20th-century. It was decorated with swags and ribbon motif in the pediment, and columns in the Tuscan order. It also featured ornamental shingling of the gable ends on the front and on the south side window bay. At one time the window surrounds had small bracketed cornices and heads with incised decorations.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Kuno Struck House, also known as Clifton Manor, is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and on the Davenport Register of Historic Properties in 1996. The house along with its garage became a part of the Marycrest College campus and they were both listed as contributing properties in the Marycrest College Historic District in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Dr. Kuno Struck</h2><br>
<p>Kuno Struck was born in Davenport in 1883 to Henry C. and Johanna (Wessel) Struck. He graduated from the local schools and received a medical degree from the State University of Iowa. He specialized in bacteriology and pathology. He started a practice in Davenport after a year with his cousin in Moline, Illinois, Dr. Arp. Dr. Struck, however, stopped practicing medicine shortly after his marriage to Norma Petersen. He spent most of his time traveling instead.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by the Davenport architectural firm of Clausen & Kruse in the Jacobean Revival style. It is the only house built in this architectural style in the city. The house was completed in 1911 and called Clifton Manor. The house became a part of Marycrest College in 1978 and served the college as a community center. It also housed a variety offices for the school in subsequent years.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is 2½-stories and follows a rectangular plan. The main façades are on the long sides of the structure, and it is capped with a hipped roof. The north façade is asymmetrical while the south façade follows a symmetrical plan with gabled end pavilions that flank a semi-circular terrace. The exterior is covered in a pink-red brick and a rock-faced stone that is smoothly dressed. The house is situated on a large lot with a circular drive that connects it to West Twelfth Street. The single-story garage sits to the northeast of the house. It is composed of brick and features both double and single car bays of the south side of the structure.</p><br>
<p>Van Rocks is a very conspicuous pinnacle rocks lying close west of Cape James, Smith Island, in the South Shetland Islands. They were roughly shown as a small island on a chart resulting from a British expedition under Foster, 1828–31, and then more accurately delineated by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey  in 1959 from air photos taken by the Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition , 1955-57. They were named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee  because they mark the first or westernmost of the South Shetland Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Maps</h2><br>
<p>L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. (First edition 2009. )</p><br>
<p>L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2017.</p><br>
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<p>Lagotellerie Island is an island 1 nmi long, lying 2 nmi west of Horseshoe Island in Marguerite Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered and named by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1908–10, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot.</p><br>
<h2>Antarctic Specially Protected Area</h2><br>
<p>The 158 ha island has been designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA No.115) because of its relatively diverse flora and fauna, which is typical of the southern Antarctic Peninsula region. The vegetation consists of abundant stands of the continent’s only two flowering plants, Antarctic hair grass and Antarctic pearlwort, as well as well-developed communities of mosses and lichen. The rich invertebrate fauna includes the wingless midge Belgica antarctica, for which the island is one of its southernmost sites. There are also colonies of Adélie penguins and Antarctic shags.</p><br>
<p>Lamarck Island is a rocky island 250 m long, lying 300 m east of Petrel Island and 300 m north-east of Rostand Island in the Géologie Archipelago, off the Adélie Coast of Antarctica. It was charted in 1951 by the French Antarctic Expedition and named by them after Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, the French naturalist.</p><br>
<h2>Antarctic Specially Protected Area</h2><br>
<p>A site cluster in the heart of the Géologie Archipelago, south and east, and in the immediate vicinity, of Petrel Island and Dumont dUrville Station, comprises Lamarck, Jean Rostand, Le Mauguen and Claude Bernard Islands, Bon Docteur Nunatak, and a breeding site of emperor penguins on the intervening sea ice. The site is protected under the Antarctic Treaty System as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No.120. It was designated as such because it contains representative examples of terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems. Apart from the emperor penguin colony, the only one of about 30 in Antarctica that lies close to a permanent research station, birds nesting in the area include Adélie penguins, Antarctic skuas, Wilsons storm petrels, southern giant petrels, snow petrels and Cape petrels. Weddell seals also occur there.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Pacific Hotel  is a historic building in Seattle located at 1115-1117 1st Avenue between Spring and Seneca Streets in the city&#39;s central business district. The building was constructed in 1890 during the building boom that followed the Great Seattle Fire of 1889. The building had served as a hotel nearly since its construction, with the Ye Kenilworth Inn, operated by Minnie Hayward, on the upper floors in 1893. The hotel was refurnished and reopened in 1902 as the Grand Pacific Hotel, most likely named after the hotel of the same name in Chicago. It played a role during the Yukon Gold Rush as one of many hotels that served traveling miners and also housed the offices for the Seattle Woollen Mill, an important outfitter for the Klondike.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Pacific Hotel is a substantial four-story brick and stone building designed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style and remains a rare surviving example of its kind outside of the Pioneer Square district. The building&#39;s original architect is not known. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 around the same time as the adjacent Colonial Hotel. The two hotels were interconnected during restoration in the early 1980s and today are collectively known as the Colonial Grand Pacific.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Pacific Hotel was one of hundreds of substantial brick buildings constructed in the aftermath of the Great Seattle Fire. It was constructed as the California Block for the estate of the late Lewis M. Starr by his widow Eliza J. Starr, the executor of the estate. it was built at a cost of $75,000 and as reported in the summer of 1890, $12,000 in stone, $3,000 in iron 1,200,000 bricks and 3,000 ft of lumber had gone into its construction. Due to the dramatic slope of the property towards Elliott Bay, the four story building had two additional floors below 1st Avenue, which housed various industrial enterprises. For most of the decade it was the only building located on the block taller than one story. The Galt Brothers were the buildings primary tenant in 1891 and The Seattle Woolen Mills would locate their offices in the lower floors during the Yukon Gold Rush. Though designed for office space, as early as 1892, the buildings upper floors were occupied by the Ye Kenilowrth Inn, operated by Minnie Hayward. In 1902 it reopened as the Grand Pacific Hotel, which it is best known as today.</p><br>
<p>In 1913 the Starr estate sold the building to real estate investor A. Rodgers for $125,000. In March 1914 the body of a young man was discovered in room 48, dead from an apparent suicide by ingesting Carbolic acid. A.J. Johnson, the proprietor of the hotel at the time would commit suicide just over a year later. In 1931 the building was nearly gutted by an early morning fire originating from one of the basement floors that vented through the hotel&#39;s central court, where flames were said to shoot 75 feet into the air. All 67 guests were either able to escape or were rescued by firefighters.</p><br>
<p>The hotel continued to serve long-term guests up until October 1966, when Seattle slum clearing policies forced the now run-down hotel into Nuisance abatement. Citing prohibitive repair costs, the buildings then owner, Kerry Timber Co., evicted all the residents and closed off the buildings top floors indefinitely. Beginning in the late 70s, The Grand Pacific and other historic buildings in the area were restored and redeveloped by Cornerstone Development Co, a subsidiary of Weyerhaeuser as part of the Waterfront Center project, which combined new construction with older buildings restored for housing. During restoration, The Grand Central Hotel was interconnected with the Colonial Hotel to the north. The Grand Pacific Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1982.</p><br>
<p>Clark-Dearstyne-Miller Inn is a historic inn and tavern located at Rensselaer in Rensselaer County, New York. It was built about 1791 and is a -story, rectangular, gable-roofed heavy timber frame building. It rests upon a fieldstone foundation. There is a 2-story, shed roof addition to the rear. It features an ornate, bracketed, raised porch along the front facade added about 1880. The building exhibits a number of vernacular Federal details.</p><br>
<p>Excerpt from Raymond W. Smith&#39;s National Register of Historic Places Register form; "The inn was operated by a series of hotelkeepers into the early twentieth century. From 1839 to 1867, James Dearstyne was the owner/proprietor. The Dearstyne family remained until the late 1890s, when the business was known as the Dearstyne Miller Hotel. The inn continued to function as the Miller Hotel at least until the 1920s. During its early decades, the hostelry accommodated travelers crossing the Hudson via the North Ferry and rail passengers arriving at the Bath station in front of the hotel. Tenant farmers who journeyed from rural farmsteads to pay their rents to the Van Rensselaer agent at Bath also were frequent patrons of the inn. At various periods during the nineteenth century, the building also housed local government offices for the village of Bath and the town of North Greenbush. According to tradition, the body of President Lincoln was housed temporarily in the hotel in 1865 while awaiting ferry transport to the capitol at Albany.</p><br>
<p>A historic photograph taken in the early twentieth century depicts President Theodore Roosevelt before the porch of the Miller Hotel. From the 1950s to its abandonment in the 1980s, the former Clark-Dearstyne-Miller Inn was operated as a neighborhood tavern. Although the historic building currently is vacant, it is an important example of an unusual building type that remains a significant link to the early history of Bath-on-Hudson."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Beverwyck Manor is a historic home located at Rensselaer in Rensselaer County, New York. It was built between 1839 and 1842. It is constructed of stucco over brick and consists of a three story, three bay wide central block with the central bay recessed. The central block is flanked by two story, single bay extensions. It has a restrained Neoclassical facade and features a one bay portico with stone steps and four Ionic order stone columns. It was built by William Patterson Van Rensselaer and later became part St. Anthony-on-Hudson Seminary, a Franciscan Seminary.</p><br>
<p>The Seminary closed in 1989. The manor was used as a retreat center for a time, and then converted to a residence for staff and retired Franciscans.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Patroon Agent&#39;s House and Office, also known as the Casparus Pruyn House and Office or Whish-Hull House and H. V. Rector office, is a historic home and office located on the Hudson River at Rensselaer in Rensselaer County, New York. It was built and first occupied Nov. 29, 1839 and consists of a -story rectangular brick residence with an attached 1-story rectangular brick office in the Greek Revival style. It was built by the Van Rensselaer family as a home and office for Casparus F. Pruyn, rent collection agent for William Van Rensselaer who had inherited the "East Manor" in 1839, consisting of Rensselaer County from his father Stephen. Today, the Patroon Agent would be considered the Chief Operating Officer of a corporation; also, several other Patroon Agent Houses have been located in and around Albany over the 200+ years of the patroonship.</p><br>
<p>The properties face the Hudson River and are visible across the river from Interstate-787 on Albany’s west bank. Located in what was originally settled as Bath, then later Bath-on-Hudson (incorporated into the City of Rensselaer in 1903), the property is situated at the riverfront southern boundary of Beverwyck, William Paterson van Rensselaer&#39;s estate situated facing the river on the ridge northeast of the Bath ferry landing. The house features an operating water-collection system for the many mineral springs that percolate in the area that was originally used for indoor plumbing; this system includes brick and cast-iron cisterns, channels with brick walls and ash-plank linings and an outflow now connected to the city storm-sewer system channeling the constant flow of 52 F water. In February 2013, a City contractor installing new sewer lines south on Forbes Avenue discovered a substantial underground water spring flow mid-street, between # 5 and 7 Forbes Avenue. After excavating 18 ft deep, a dewatering system of crushed stone and perforated drainage pipes was installed between Tracy and Central Avenues to divert this flow south to the city storm sewer system. This diversion—thought to be from an underground diagonal streamflow across the hillside between Forbes and Broadway—relieved virtually ALL groundwater inflow in all basements along Forbes Avenue, including drying up completely the springs and drainage system in the cellar of this subject structure. Years later, the cellar remains dry for probably the first time in 175 years.</p><br>
<p>The center-hall interior is formal with two large rooms deep on either side of the hall that features an oval, glass-paned oculus skylight at roof level atop the three-story galleried staircase with turned mahogany bannisters. This stairwell originally rose open from the cellar to the servants quarters, now the attic, but was partitioned when the house was divided into north and south duplex units after the van Rensselaer family first sold it in 1865. Later, central heating replaced the use of 8 faux-grained black marble fireplaces and the two kitchen hearths in the cellar. The duplex layout consists of the north half containing the center hall, and the south using the side (Central Avenue) entrance and a perpendicular simple mahogany bannister servants staircase to access the three floors and cellar.</p><br>
<p>The north, rear, first floor (dining) room features a pair of built-in corner closets with concave-curved doors; the front (living) and back (dining) rooms are divided by sliding pocket doors. All interior doors are grain-painted mahogany and feature original brass hardware, stamped "A. Wollensak, Albany." All rooms feature heavy plaster moulding at the 14&#39; ceilings and deep wood-paneled trim and folding casement shutters at all windows. The formal first-floor rooms now have grain-painted floors, but were originally covered with tan, red and black over-plaid ingrained wool carpet, a swatch of which survives. The ground floor is lined with a course of bricks between the sub-flooring and finished, plastered cellar ceiling providing insulation and fire resistance from the kitchen areas below. The exterior walls are constructed in an envelope fashion with an air space between the heavy brick exterior and the heavy plaster interior walls. This air space "breathed" through warm or cool air circulation from the cellar upwards and across the rafters and exited out the oculus cupola windows atop the roof. The cupola was lost during the Hurricane of 1938, which also precipitated a water-borne collapse of a section of the north end of the east cellar wall.</p><br>
<p>The adjacent (north) Patroon Agent&#39;s Office, separated from the house property in 1865, has an elaborate set of heavy cast-iron security features, including doors, interior window shutters, iron bars and drop-down panels at the interior windows of what was likely a vault. An open cistern area in the main office floor has now been covered over to provide floor space in the large, elegant vaulted-ceiling room. This area was rehabilitated and decorated as offices in the early 1990s for a prominent general contractor, Henry V. Rector and is now owned and occupied by Kot Electrical Contractors.</p><br>
<p>Pruyn resided and conducted the Patroons business here between 1839 and 1844. Several signed rent receipts, acknowledging cash, pounds of wheat, fowls and other agricultural products "on account of rent" are in the collection of the current Agents House owner. Pruyn was a central figure in the Anti-Rent War at Rensselaerswyck. Pruyn previously resided at Colonie at what is now known as the Casparus F. Pruyn House.</p><br>
<p>Further detail and pictures are provided in the compilation book "Three Villages, One City" by Douglas L. Sinclair, edited by Raymond W. Hull, encompassing a reprint of The Yankee Doodle Series by Josephine M. Fraser (1976) all published by the City of Rensselaer Historical Society in 1992. The house has also been featured in the Troy Record, May 28, 1979 and the Albany Times Union, June 27, 1985.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Eagle Harbor Schoolhouse is a school located at the corner of Third and Center Streets in Eagle Harbor, Michigan, United States. It is significant as the location where Justus H. Rathbone was first inspired to write the ritual which was the basis of the Order of the Knights of Pythias. The schoolhouse was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Eagle Harbor Schoolhouse was constructed in 1853 by local builders, and opened to serve the community&#39;s children that same year. It was the first schoolhouse built in the area.</p><br>
<p>In about 1859 or 1860, Justus H. Rathbone began a stint as schoolmaster at the school. He later moved on to schools at the Northwest Mine, Eagle River, and to this schoolhouse in Eagle Harbor. While teaching at Eagle Harbor, Rathbone and his friends formed a dramatic society and staged plays, including John Banim&#39;s Damon and Pythias. The themes of friendship in the play inspired Rathbone; according to him:</p><br>
<p>During his time teaching in Eagle Harbor, Rathbone wrote the ritual which became the basis for the Order of the Knights of Pythias. The Order of the Knights of Pythias was officially founded three years later in Washington, D. C., and was dedicated to the principles of "friendship, charity, and benevolence."</p><br>
<p>The schoolhouse continued to serve the community until 1892. In the 1920s, the Pythians purchased the schoolhouse and added a gable roof to the existing belfry. A bronze memorial to Rathbone was erected nearby in 1931, and the building currently functions as a Pythian shrine. In 1971, the historical importance of the site was recognized by its designation as a Michigan State Historic Site, and the following year it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the schoolhouse was deeded to the Keweenaw County Historical Society. The Society furnished the interior as a period school, and included exhibits related to the Knights of Pythius. The building is open to the public during the summer and early fall.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Eagle Harbor Schoolhouse is a square building with gabled roof measuring twenty-four feet by twenty-four feet. The structure is covered with clapboard siding pierced by sash windows covered with shutters. The shingled gable roof has cornice returns, and a gabled belfry frame sits on one end of the roof.</p><br>
<p>Lewis Bay is a bay indenting the north coast of Ross Island, Antarctica, between Mount Bird and Cape Tennyson.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bay was charted by the British National Antarctic Expedition under Robert Falcon Scott, 1901–04. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1964 for Captain Price Lewis, commanding officer of the during the US Navy&#39;s Operation Deep Freeze in 1959, and who in 1963 and 1964 was assistant chief of staff and ship group commander of the US Naval Support Force in Antarctica.</p><br>
<h3>Air crash</h3><br>
<p>On 28 November 1979 an Air New Zealand aircraft carrying 257 people on a sightseeing flight to Antarctica crashed on the side of Mount Erebus, killing everyone aboard and scattering bodies and aircraft debris on the slopes above the bay. Not all the bodies were subsequently recovered.</p><br>
<h3>Antarctic Specially Protected Area</h3><br>
<p>An area above Lewis Bay, on the lower slopes of Mount Erebus and extending to the coast, is protected as Antarctic Specially Protected Area No.156 because it has been declared a tomb in order to ensure that the area be left in peace. The declaration was made as a mark of respect and sympathy with the relatives of those who died in the 1979 crash, and with the Government and people of New Zealand, in remembrance and in order to protect the site’s emotional values.</p><br>
<h3>Historic site</h3><br>
<p>A stainless steel cross was erected in January 1987 on a rocky promontory 3 km from the 1979 crash site as a mark of respect and in remembrance of those who died. The cross has been designated a Historic Site or Monument (HSM 73), following a proposal by New Zealand to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.</p><br>
<p>St James Cathedral is a heritage-listed cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of North Queensland at 36 Cleveland Terrace, Townsville, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Arthur Blacket and was built in 1887 by MacMahon & Cliffe. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<p>Built atop Melton Hill the large red-brick structure is a well-known landmark of the Townsville central business district.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St James Cathedral was erected in two stages, 1887-1892 and 1959-1960, for the Anglican Diocese of North Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the construction of a church, Anglican services in Townsville were conducted at the court house.</p><br>
<p>The first Anglican church was established on Melton Hill, purchased with the aid of parishioners at a sale of crown lands and work began on the on 24 May 1871. The structure was constructed of weatherboard with a shingle roof.</p><br>
<p>When Townsville was established in the mid-1860s, its Anglican parishioners were part of the Diocese of Sydney. In 1878 the diocese of North Queensland was created, based at St James Church in Townsville. The new dioceses first bishop George Henry Stanton was appointed on 24 June 1878. Stanton did not immediately go to Townsville but spent several months in England, trying to raise funds and attract clergy for the new diocese. He finally arrived in Townsville in May 1879, preaching his first service on 21 May 1879. Having become the cathedral of the new diocese, St James&#39; Church was enlarged, extending the nave and north and south aisles in 1880 and an organ, donated by a Miss SE Holland (an English friend of Bishop Stanton), was added to the church in 1884.</p><br>
<p>Plans for a new and larger cathedral began on 5 August 1883 when members of the church formed a committee to raise the funds. The proposal to build a cathedral was approved by a church synod in 1884 and the Cathedral Building Committee was appointed. The intention initially was to have the cathedral designed by John Horbury Hunt. However, in 1885, Arthur Blacket of Sydney, son of Edmund Blacket (he New South Wales colonial architect) was commissioned to design a building to be erected on the church land behind the existing weatherboard structure. The initial designs called for a cathedral constructed of sandstone with granite columns which would hold 1000 parishioners. The nave would be 37 feet wide, transepts would be 24 feet wide and the total interior length from chancel to bell tower would be 115 feet. Many features of these designs were rejected upon review by the diocese and three revisions were necessary before a final plan was approved. The final design was for a church built in stone, with a low wide central tower which would act as a ventilation shaft, and a single tower at the northern door. It was to cost &pound;24,000, but would be built in sections.</p><br>
<p>Early in 1887 the diocese called for tenders for the construction of the cathedral. The foundation stone was laid on the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria on 27 June 1887, and the building was erected by Townsville contractors MacMahon & Cliffe. Subsequent financial constraints forced changes to the design, and the cathedral was constructed in brick, with concrete facings, a temporary roof and no towers.</p><br>
<p>With the completion of the buildings foundations in November 1887, building work stalled due to a lack of funding. Following protracted dispute between the Sydney architect and the church building committee, Arthur Blackets services were dispensed with in 1890. Work resumed in 1891 with the Townsville architect Walter Morris Eyre to oversee the final stages of construction; Eyre had been acting as supervising architect since the commencement of building. In order to reduce the cost of the structure the original plans to construct the building of sandstone were revised and the building was constructed of red brick with concrete taking the place of marble and granite.</p><br>
<p>Due to the lack of funding the decision was made to only construct half of the cathedral, with the other half to be completed at a later date. The apse, chancel, transepts and part of the nave and flanking arcades were built with a temporary roof constructed overhead. In 1892 the pipe organ was moved from the church to the new cathedral. This first stage of the cathedral was consecrated on 27 October 1892 by the second Bishop of North Queensland, Christopher Barlow. Although invited, Bishop Stanton was unable to attend.</p><br>
<p>On 26 January 1896, Cyclone Sigma struck Townsville; however, the cathedral was relatively unaffected by this.</p><br>
<p>Between 1900 and 1902 a second organ was purchased from North Ward, and the two were coupled together until rebuilt as one instrument in 1958.</p><br>
<p>On 9 March 1903 Cyclone Leonta struck Townsville, destroying the 1871 St James Church and the temporary roof of the cathedral. The cathedral was promptly rebuilt with higher walls and a more permanent roof at the cost of £2,500.</p><br>
<p>The second stage of the cathedral, the 1959-1960 western extension and tower, was designed in 1955 by Melbourne architect Louis Williams, with Townsville architects Black and Paulsen responsible for its execution. The statue of St James was sculptured by German-born Brisbane sculptor, Erwin Guth. The final foundation stone was laid in 1960 marking the completion of the cathedral.</p><br>
<p>The main western facade together with the statue of St James, part of the roof and a section of the eastern wall were severely damaged by Cyclone Althea in 1972, and restored in the same year. The completed cathedral was consecrated in 1978. It also serves as a concert hall in the wider Townsville community.</p><br>
<p>The deanery adjacent to the cathedral was erected in 1959-1960, replacing an earlier structure. It does not form part of the heritage-listing of the cathedral.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>St James Anglican Cathedral, constructed in English Bond red brick with dressed sandstone trim, is located on a terraced site on Melton Hill between the Townsville central business district and Cleveland Bay.</p><br>
<p>The Gothic Revival building was built in two stages, both of which are quite obvious, both in materials and design. The main roof is clad with slate and has a small spire over the nave and transept junction. The lower roof to the side aisles and ambulatory has ribbed metal cladding.</p><br>
<p>The chancel is surrounded by an ambulatory which contains the vestry and a Seaman&#39;s Chapel. The north transept has a large organ loft inserted and the roof features exposed trusses with a diagonally boarded ceiling. Cast iron columns with clerestory above separate the side aisles from the nave. The clerestory of the original section of the building contains stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>The 1959 addition appears to be a Modernist interpretation of what was originally intended. It has amber glass hopper windows with external concrete screens to the nave. The west entry consists of a large recessed pointed arch with undistinguished mosaic artwork to both the interior and exterior. The floors are of concrete and the building features carved timber pews, reredos screen and pulpit. A large statue of St James is attached to a bell tower on the northern side of the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The 1950s deanery is located to the northern side of the building, above an excavated stone embankment and facing Cleveland Terrace. It is not heritage-listed</p><br>
<p>A single-storeyed timber Synod Hall, built in 1888 on a separate site, is located to the east of the building beyond a large bitumen carpark.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>St James Cathedral was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>St James Cathedral, erected in two stages 1887-1892 and 1959-1960, is important in demonstrating the pattern of establishment and growth of the Anglican Church in North Queensland in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>It is important in exhibiting a range of aesthetic characteristics valued by the Townsville community in general, and by the Townsville Anglican congregation in particular, namely the contribution of the building, in its scale, form and materials, to the Townsville landscape; its value as a major Townsville landmark; and the quality and craftsmanship of its interior and furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>It has had a strong and special association as a centre of Anglican worship and community life in Townsville for over a century, and as part of an historic church grouping which includes Synod Hall (1888).</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>It has a special association with the work of 19th century Sydney architect Arthur Blacket and with 20th century Melbourne architect Louis Williams, and their contributions to ecclesiastical architecture in Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Deans</h2><br>
<p>1965–1969: Bernard Tringham</p><br>
<p>1969–1972: Wilfred Lancelot Harmer</p><br>
<p>1972–1977: Adrian Owen Charles</p><br>
<p>?–?1981: David Philp</p><br>
<p>?–1989: Donald Barter</p><br>
<p>Ron Wood</p><br>
<p>David Lunniss</p><br>
<p>2013-present: Rodney Marshall MacDonald</p><br>
<p>Yenesu Cave  is a cave in Kırklareli Province, northwestern Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The cave is situated 2 km east of Balkaya village and 20 km northeast of Vize town of Kırklareli Province. It is accessible on the route Vize-Kıyıköy, Kıyıköy-Aksicim-Balkaya or Saray-Bahçeköy-Aksicim-Balkaya. The cave is at an elevation of 140 m AMSL and about 5 m above the waterbed of nearby creek Yana Dere.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristcis</h2><br>
<p>Yenisu Cave consists of two caves formed in two different geological ages, which are found at two levels. The main gallery, which follows a collapsed hall right at the entrance, is the most active part. Here, there are several ponds and lakes of 0.5 - depth with dripstones, stalactites, stalagmites and draperies. The cave&#39;s overall length is 1,620 m.</p><br>
<p>The cave was explored by the geologists of the state-owned Mineral Research and Exploration Company (MTA). According to the Deputy Director of Culture and Tourism in Kırklareli, the opening of the cave to tourism in 2015 is projected. The visiting period is to be determined by the Nature Board of the province in accordance with the bat population in the cave.</p><br>
<p>Fuchu Dam  is a dam in Fuchu Town, Sakaide, Kagawa, Japan, completed in 1966. It dams the Aya River in the Aya River drainage system.</p><br>
<h2>Lake Fuchu</h2><br>
<p>Fuchu Dam&#39;s reservoir, Lake Fuchu, along with Taki no Miya, was some of the picturesque scenery chosen as one of the "Timeless 100 Famous Views." This reservoir was called "Lake Fuchu" starting in the 1990s, and maps from before showed the lake as Fuchu Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Lake Fuchu has canoe and rowboat competitions which are popular among high schools and employees of companies in the prefecture. It is being maintained as the East Shikoku Athletic Meets venue for canoe competitions, a site of about 3 hectares with the Sakaide Canoe Training Center (boat-house and training room) and judges chair and embark-disembark wharf for competitions. The course can be set at up to 9 lanes of 1000 meters, so it was designated by the JOC (Japan Olympic Committee) as a canoe race training facility, and players compete in Japanese championships and international athletes are sent to compete in international championship trials and such meetings there on a large scale. In August 2008, Finland&#39;s team used the same lake to practice before the Beijing Olympics.</p><br>
<h2>Main Competitions and Events Held</h2><br>
<p>East Shikoku Athletic Meet&#39;s Canoe Competition</p><br>
<p>Japan National High School Rowing Competition of 1998</p><br>
<p>Japan Canoe Racing Championship Title Meet</p><br>
<p>Water Festival in Lake Fuchu</p><br>
<p>Sakaide Lake Fuchu Dragon Canoe Meet</p><br>
<p>National "Dowluck" Fishing Championship in Lake Fuchu</p><br>
<p>The Lewis M. Fisher House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Lewis M. Fisher</h2><br>
<p>Fisher was born and raised in Clayton County, Iowa where he was educated in the local public schools. His father, Maturin, had been president of the Iowa Senate. He did his undergraduate work in Wisconsin and received a law degree from the State University of Iowa, where he graduated valedictorian of his class. He moved to Davenport where he entered a partnership named Heinz & Fisher. The firm provided legal services, loans, and real estate services. From 1885 to 1891 he served as the city attorney. Fisher married Laura Provost in 1883 and they raised three children. They started living in this house in 1896.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Lewis M. Fisher house sits prominently on a corner lot that features a steep a terrace. The plan and the massing of the house, along with the three-story corner tower, reflects the Queen Anne style. The gable-end pediments and the Palladian window are Neoclassical decorative elements. Combining these elements in a single structure was common of houses built in the late 19th century.</p><br>
